JEIM

Evidence abounds in both developed and newly-industrialising economies that the success of any nation hinges on the ability to collaborate, generate and deploy knowledge to solve socio-economic problems. This is evident in the rate at which these nations churn out intellectual assets (goods and services) into the global market. Diverse strategies and policies, most especially effective collaboration and linkages, have been employed by these nations to build firms’ technological competence (absorptive capacity through adequate investments in STI, research and development (R&D) and Innovation capabilities) that ensures perpetual competitive advantage. However, these strategies among others are lacking in Nigeria’s efforts at gaining competitive edge and generate revenue from the new knowledge and technologies emanating from focused research and development (R&D) within the university and Research sub-system. Oblivious of the need to provide innovation infrastructure for spin offs and technology commercialisation, improve funding of research system, and strengthen intellectual property and technology transfer offices across the country to make available commercialisable research outputs for small businesses through SMEDAN and MSMEs, more is still required in the area of effective collaboration, linkages and commitments among the elements of Nigeria’s innovation system. This paper, through qualitative analysis, provides suggestions on the need for robust interaction and linkages among the elements of national innovation system (government-industry-academia).

Keywords: research and development, innovation capabilities, collaboration, linkages, commitments, and small firms
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Starting from the concept of corporate social responsibility to the present and the recent past, the growing importance of a growing and evolving concept in that time period. Many surveys and studies have shown that the practice of corporate social responsibility when it comes to the success of a business is extremely important. For this reason, many businesses and consumers in order to reflect the best way to image your reputation has adopted corporate social responsibility practices. The previously observed social responsibility projects in the private sector while the public sector has begun to show itself in recent years. To adapt such practices to the public sector but do not display, and, thus, the public sector is experiencing difficulty in adaptation. In this study, first the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and theoretical processes of infrastructure development were investigated. Then applications of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in the public sector were investigated. The aim of this research in the public area of personnel on the perspective of corporate social responsibility practices and corporate social responsibility to examine their views and thoughts. This study of public employees to the public sector think that there will be difficulties in implementing corporate social responsibility practices along with the adoption of corporate social responsibility reveals that it is a requirement.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate, Social Responsibility Projects, Social Projects
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the influential factors on hospitality small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) at the start-up process in a Malaysian service context. Data for this empirical investigation were gathered from a sample of hospitality SMEs. Respondents self-administered the questionnaires. A total number of 100 questionnaires were obtained in the research location. Results based on the descriptive statistics by SPSS version 21 reveal that the hospitality SMEs in Ipoh/Malaysia have favourable perceptions related to economic factor items. On the other hand, they have challenges related to legal and administrative factor items. The current study provides further contribution to hospitality management and entrepreneurship literatures and provides useful guidelines to practitioners as well.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Hospitality, SMEs, Malaysia
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Social entrepreneurs are those who bring forward various resources and exploit the opportunities innovatively in solving social problems and thus, create social change. In recent years, social entrepreneurship that has become a focus of interest in scholarly debates has rarely been discussed from the perspective of diversity management, equality, social exclusion and network diversity. In order to fill this void, Çöp(m)adam as one of the most successful examples of social enterprises in Turkey was examined in-depth qualitatively as a case study method and in the light of findings it was discussed how social entrepreneurs can manage such diverse difficulties, challenges, competing and contradicting interests arising from their internal and external environment to transform them into an opportunity.

Keywords: social entrepreneurship, innovation, diversity management, social networks, empowerment
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This study is conducted in order to identify the entrepreneurship specifications of young entrepreneurs in Kahramanmaraş. To do so, a questionnaire adopted from earlier studies is applied to a randomly defined sample of 284. Obtained data is analyzed via the use of descriptive statistics, reliability, correlations, ANOVA and factor analyses. Having evaluated by the findings, it is found that belief on success, risk taking, innovativeness, self-trust, opportunism and openness are determiners of entrepreneurship. Test of a measurement model according to the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results is conducted. Moreover, these variables are all found to be in relationships. As a result, some implications are drawn namely, entrepreneurship should be handled as a whole and entrepreneurship education should have a new paradigm.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship specifications, Kahramanmaraş, Entrepreneurship
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