JEIM

ABSTRACT Purpose: It is aimed to reveal inadequacies of midsize furniture enterprises operating at the SME level in Turkey to perform innovations, generate solutions to these inadequacies and to create a model that would bring an innovation adequacy within the scope of market competition. Methodology: It is endeavored to determine an appropriate model for enterprises to survive successfully in challenging market competition conditions by helping them make more practical innovative moves and gain awareness by surveys. Findings: According to the results of the analysis, it has been concluded that confirmatory factor analysis and all fit indices of the model are at an acceptable level. Besides, according to the result of the model established with intermediary variables; it has been determined that the effect of administrators' innovation perception on Technology Management / Re&De variable and product quality and innovation is more significant than comparison, customer orientation and strategical plan variables and the perception shows a full intermediacy effect, in contrast to the partial intermediacy effect with other variables. Practical Implications: Considering this result; we suggest that as long as midsize enterprises (SMEs) operating in the aforementioned furniture sector make Technology Management / Re&De investments, they will experience no difficulty in market competition. Also, furniture administrators working in the middle management will be able to make innovations uneventfully. Originality: For the sector to develop further, it is of great importance that it gains integrated action efficiency by following the developments in different industries. JEL Codes: M12, O32, P42.

Keywords: Benchmarking, Productivity, Product Quality and Innovation, Intermediary variable

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.002 [PDF]

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the impact of women entrepreneur performance (WEP) on competitive advan- tage (CA) and business performance (BP). It also examines the mediating role of RA between WEP and BP. Methodology: The sample consists of 183 women entrepreneurs. Data were collected from the par- ticipants by the questionnaire method. Structural equation modelling was used to explain the complex relationships between variables. Findings: The WEP positively and significantly affects both CA and BP. While CA significantly affects BP, it also has a mediating effect. Practical Implications: Eliminating the obstacles faced by women entrepreneurs and managing them effectively will provide them with a competitive advantage while ensuring sustainable growth. Originality: This study includes theoretical as well as practical implications. The motivation of this study is to reveal the problems faced by women entrepreneurs and to offer solutions. Originality: There is no study in the literature on the problems faced by SMEs owned by women en- trepreneurs in TRB2 Region and how these problems affect their business performance. Therefore, this study adds a unique feature to the existing literature. In addition to the main variables, the use of com- petitive advantage as a mediating variable differentiates this study from other studies in the literature. Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Competitive Advantage, Business Performance. Jel Codes: M10, M13, M31

Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Competitive Advantage, Business Performance

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.001 [PDF]

ABSTRACT Purpose: This research aims to examine all direct and indirect relationships between entrepreneurial intention, proactive personality traits, perceived educational support, and perceived structural support. Methodology: In the research, data were analyzed with the PLS-SEM technique. As a technical require- ment, after testing the measurement model and observing its validity and reliability, the mediating role of perceived educational support and perceived structural support in the effect of proactive personal characteristics on entrepreneurial intention was tested in the proposed structural model. Findings: Path and Importance-Performance Map analyses performed on the structural model showed that proactive personal characteristics, perceived educational support, and perceived structural support had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, and all hypotheses tested in the study were confirmed. The strength of the impact on entrepreneurial intention was observed as proactive personal- ity traits, perceived educational support, and perceived structural support, respectively. Practical implications: The research results pointed out two main points. First, when personality trait theories were evaluated together with contextual elements, more comprehensive inferences regarding entrepreneurial intention were obtained. Secondly, it was observed that entrepreneur candidates posi- tively affected by the entrepreneurship education process are less affected by other negative structural elements. Evaluating these results within the framework of entrepreneurship education will contribute to developing the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Originality: This research has considered two different perspectives together with the existing research structure in which proactive personality traits are discussed together with the factors arising from the current context, and in this direction, it has made a unique contribution to the existing literature on entrepreneurial intention. JEL Codes: L26, I23, M10

Keywords: Proactive Personality Traits, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Intention, entrepreneurship education

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.003 [PDF]

ABSTRACT Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in digital marketing, offering unprecedented opportunities for entrepreneurs to streamline operations and enhance customer en- gagement. This article explores the profound impact of AI adoption within entrepreneurial marketing contexts. It aims to present a conceptual framework delineating the integration of AI into entrepreneur- ial marketing strategies, highlighting its potential to revolutionize the field. Methodology: The study employs a bibliometric analysis to provide a quantitative summary of the field. A total of 132 publications from the Web of Science database were analyzed using the Vosviewer program. These publications span topics such as management, business, computer science, economics, environmental studies, accommodation, and education. The bibliometric approach offers a structured overview of the current state of research in AI and entrepreneurial marketing. Findings: The findings reveal the multifaceted impact of AI on entrepreneurial marketing. Key appli- cations include customer insights, personalized marketing, predictive analysis, automation, optimized advertising, chatbots, competition analysis, and content optimization. These results underscore AI’s transformative role in reshaping how entrepreneurial marketing strategies are developed and executed. Furthermore, AI is anticipated to assume an even more significant role in the field in the coming years. Originality: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge by offering one of the first comprehensive investigations into the integration of AI within entrepreneurial marketing. By combining a conceptual framework with bibliometric analysis, the research provides valuable insights into the in- terplay between AI and entrepreneurial marketing strategies, paving the way for future studies to build on these findings. Jel Codes: M10, M31, M31, M13

Keywords: Articifial Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Marketing, Digital Marketing, Machine Lear- ning, Big Data,

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.004 [PDF]

ABSTRACT Purpose: The issue of migrant workers has been frequently addressed in management and organiza- tion studies, as in many other fields since migration has become a global phenomenon. By referring to the push-pull theory of entrepreneurship, the current study aims to understand to what extent the bullying behavior that migrant workers are exposed to in the workplace encourages them to engage in entrepreneurship. The main assumption that constitutes the hypotheses is that negative workplace experiences push migrant workers to create alternatives against undesirable working conditions. Methodology: A quantitative research design was employed, involving standardized questionnaires to gather data from 231 migrant workers employed in Turkey’s textile sector. The hypotheses were tested using the AMOS statistical program. Findings: The findings support the bullying behavior that migrant workers are exposed to in their workplaces pushes them to become entrepreneurs (β= 0.36, p<.001). Further, the findings indicate that individual entrepreneurship orientation (IndEO) does not moderate the relationship mentioned (β = 0.03, p= .33). Originality: Unlike mainstream entrepreneurship literature, this study demonstrated that entrepre- neurship can be an ‘imperative’ stemming from unfavorable working conditions of migrant workers, rather than an ‘attractive’ phenomenon. Yet, the success and sustainability of such entrepreneurial activities is debatable. The study is expected to provide a clearer picture of migrant entrepreneurial initiatives and, therefore, guide policymakers in developing effective strategies to support economies. Jel Codes: L26, J61, J15

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, migrant entrepreneurship, workplace bully, push-pull theory, IndEO

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.005 [PDF]

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the relationships among digital literacy, innovative- ness and entrepreneurial tendencies of tourism students and to examine the effects of digital literacy and innovativeness tendencies on entrepreneurial tendencies. Methodology: In the study, survey technique was used to collect primary data. Through convenience sampling technique, 399 questionnaires were obtained. The research data were analyzed using Smart PLS. Findings: According to the findings of partial least squares based structural equation modeling (PLS- SEM), it was determined that digital literacy tendencies of tourism students have a positive effect on both innovativeness and entrepreneurship tendencies, and innovativeness tendencies have a positive effect on entrepreneurship tendencies. In addition, it has been observed that innovativeness has both a mediating and a positive effect on the effect of tourism students’ digital literacy tendencies on their entrepreneurial tendencies. Practical Implications: The result of this study supports the importance of specialization on digital literacy and innovativeness. Both entrepreneurship and digitisation courses should be compulsory in tourism departments and other departments with links to the sector. Originality: The difference of the study from other studies is that the innovativeness variable is used together with digital literacy and entrepreneurship variables because these variables have not been used together before. This gap in the literature is tried to be filled with the findings of the study.

Keywords: Tourism education, digital literacy, innovativeness, entrepreneurship

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.006 [PDF]

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study based on field research conducted in Türkiye aims to present some findings and suggestions regarding the positioning of immigrant entrepreneurship in the field of social sciences Method: In the article, 63 field studies were evaluated through quantitative content analysis on the axis of determined themes. Findings: Six themes were determined in the article: “immigrant group studied”, “conceptual clarity”, “historical distribution”, “research method”, “spatial appearance” and “gender”. As a result of the analysis made on the basis of themes, it was seen that the studies concentrated on certain points and left out some points. Conclusion and Recommendations: Research on immigrant entrepreneurship has contributed sig- nificantly to the existing literature. However, new research focusing on different aspects than previous studies will provide a more original contribution to the literature. Originality: This article, which analyzes field studies conducted in the field of immigrant entrepreneur- ship on different themes, is significant in terms of drawing attention to the limited or missing aspects that the studies have left out and guiding new research.

Keywords: Immigrant, Entrepreneurship, Immigrant Entrepreneurship, Refugee Entrepreneurship, Syr- ian entrepreneurs

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.007 [PDF]

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the entrepreneurial tendencies of secondary school students. Methodology: The study used Q methodology with criterion sampling, selecting 33 secondary school students who received entrepreneurship education. Data collection involved 16 Q statements to mea- sure students’ attitudes, skills, and intentions toward entrepreneurship. Findings: The study identified three groups: “Potential Entrepreneurs” with positive attitudes, skills, and intentions; “Dreamers” with low attitudes and skills but high intentions; and “Reluctant Entrepreneurs” with high attitudes and skills but low intentions. Results: The research suggests that entrepreneurship education at the secondary level is critical, but it needs to be customized to different student profiles to fully harness entrepreneurial potential. Authencity: The research is an original study examining entrepreneurship education and entrepreneur- ial tendencies at secondary education level.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurial Tendency, Innova- tion, Secondary Education, Q methodology

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.009 [PDF]

ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışma, çalışanların firmanın marka yönelimi ve içsel markalaşma çabalarına ilişkin algılarını ve içsel markalaşmanın faydalarını (sonuç faktörlerini) inceleyerek, çalışanların bu kavramları ne ölçüde anladıklarını ve içselleştirdiklerini, bunun sonucunda da marka performansına olan etkilerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Araştırma, bir B2B üretim firmasında gerçekleştirilmiş ve anket, çalışanlara e-posta yoluyla gön- derilen bir bağlantı aracılığıyla çevrimiçi olarak uygulanmıştır. Toplamda 600 çalışana ulaşılan anketlerden 220’si eksiksiz bir şekilde doldurulmuş ve analize dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Sonuçlar, içsel markalaşma faktörlerinin tamamının pozitif ve anlamlı bir şekilde ilişkili oldu- ğunu göstermektedir. İçsel markalaşma belirleyicileri, marka performansını, marka yönelimini ve içsel markalaşmayı anlamlı bir şekilde tahmin etmektedir. Ayrıca, bazı demografik değişkenlerin çalışanların içsel markalaşma faktörlerine yönelik algılarını etkilediği görülmüştür. Sonuçlar: Literatürde tanımlanan içsel markalaşma faydaları/sonuç faktörleri; marka bağlılığı, marka vatandaşlık davranışı, marka sadakati ve çalışan tanınması/ödüllendirilmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu fak- törlerin, marka performansı üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük: Bu çalışma, üretim sektöründe, çalışanların perspektifinden marka yönelimi ve içsel marka- laşmayı inceleyen öncü araştırmalardan biri olup, akademik ve yönetsel uygulamalara değerli katkılar sunmaktadır.

Keywords: Internal Branding, Brand Orientation, Internal Branding Factors

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.2.009 [PDF]