JEIM

Developing new products and transforming them into innovatons by commercializing them, is the most important activity for today’s firms. The role of knowledge, along with all social systems, become crucial for economic and commercial relationships as well as this role puts forwards knowledge workers, economy, and society. The demands of knowledge society, by knowledge’s perpetual evolving nature, unceasingly change and transform. Such an environment,firms have to continously develop new products in order to appease the expectations of knowledge society. Moreover, firms should develop new products for satisfying existing and future demands. Accordingly, the conceptualization of ambidexterity comes to the forefront. By becoming ambidexterous, firms both improve existing products for current demands and create new knowledge/capabilities for future demands. This study adapts the scale of innovation ambidexteriy which is specific to Turkish firms, from the literature in the context of new product development teams. The results show that, from the 201 obtained data, new product development teams create innovation ambidexterity.

Keywords: New Product Development, Innovation Ambidexterity
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Tourism sector is one of the strongest drivers of world trade and prosperity serves as a wealth, job creation and foreign exchange earnings. In order to meet customer demands while businesses are trying to create differences with other similar products. Today, providing quality human capital, better service and innovativeness create a big differences for all serves industries. This study investigates the nature of hotel employees and managers in Kapadokya region (Ortahisar, Ürgüp ve Göreme). For this purpose, data obtained by questionnaire technique of quantitative research methods were analyzed with SPSS version. Results obtained from the study show that hotel managers complaining lack of qualified employees and untrained employees providing quality services.

Keywords: Tourism, Qualified Personnel, Innovation
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The Nigerian universities have been teaching entrepreneurship courses with a view to imparting skills that will bring about creation of new ventures. The primary concern of this study was to examine how entrepreneurship education can develop human capital within struggling societies so as to empower the youths to be able to create their own technological advances and become proactive in improving their overall well-being. In this study, we evaluated the adequacy of entrepreneurship education given to Nigerian undergraduates to create and manage a new venture. Also, we examined the impact of entrepreneurship education on venture creation. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaire and oral interview methods. One hundred and twenty science and engineering students and One hundred and twenty science and engineering graduates from twelve universities (four federal universities, four Osun State universities and four private universities) in Nigeria were purposively selected as respondents for the study. Findings show that the content of the entrepreneurship education is adequate for venture creation. Results of correlation analysis show that factors such as: relevance of entrepreneurship lectures; full knowledge of the entrepreneurship courses; adequacy of course duration and feasibility of the principles learned have significant and positive relationship with number of business opportunities identified by the graduates. There was no significant relationship between venture creation and content of entrepreneurship lectures given. We found that venture creation requires some other factors beside entrepreneurship education. The paper concludes that the Nigerian government still needs to do more in providing enabling environment and other factors that may be needed to translate the theoretical knowledge to practical venture creation.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, education, Nigeria, students, venture creation
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The study examined the knowledge areas of operators of micro and small technical enterprises (MSTEs) in Southwestern Nigeria. It investigated the extents and depth of operators’ collaborations and evaluated the influence of operators’ knowledge and network ties on the performance of micro and small technical enterprises (MSTEs). This was with a view to recommending policy interventions that could influence the performance of MSTEs. The study covered technical entrepreneurs in Lagos, Ekiti, Oyo and Ondo States. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected using one set of questionnaire and interview. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. Three Local Governments were randomly selected from each of the states. Twenty five micro and small technical enterprises were purposively-randomly selected in each Local Government, making a total of three hundred respondents. The questionnaire elicited information on the socio-economic characteristics, knowledge areas, extents and depth of collaboration and the performance of the respondents. Secondary data were sourced from the records of the firms. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics such as multinomial logistics regression and ANOVA. Results showed that comprehensiveness of knowledge areas and forms of collaborations significantly influenced performance measures; profit (X2= 102.101, p= 0.000**), sales volume (X2= 87.086, p= 0.000**), and staff strength (X2 = 47.313, p = 0.000**). Certain control measures were significant on performance measures, some were not. The study concluded that improved knowledge of the operators of MSTEs and effective collaboration among them could lead to significant improvement of their performance.

Keywords: Knowledge, Network Ties, and Performance
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Studies on the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) financing do not generally distinguish them. This study aims to compare the small enterprises (SEs) financing to those of medium enterprises (MEs). Evidence from our analysis on forty-one SEs and forty seven MEs points the fact that bank loan and informal funding sources, effectively allow significant distinction amongst SEs and MEs in Cameroon. While the formal and semi formal intermediate funding (overdraft, trade credit, and microcredit from Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)) does not allow differentiating them. Consequently SEs financing sources are more informal than MEs financing sources. Thus, the effectiveness of economic policy for SMEs is subject to a distinction between them.

Keywords: (Small enterprises, Medium enterprises, Formal financing, Informal financing, Cameroon).
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Competition that has been accelerating rapidly in domestic and international markets in last decades compels firms to apply new ideas to their activities in order to increase value on their products and processes. Innovation which is a key driver of a success and survival of enterprises provides them competitive adventure in the markets. Learning processes on radical innovation, which is one of the most valuable innovation types is crucial. In this paper we examined the relationship between radical innovation and type of learning processes (learning by doing, learning by training, and learning by searching) with using probit model and firm level data (BEEPS) in relatively less successful innovator countries, namely Turkey, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Serbia. According to our results, the impact of learning process on making radical innovation varies in the less successful innovator countries. Any of the learning processes do not affect radical innovation in Macedonia while Serbia and Slovenia make radical innovation only with learning by searching. Turkish enterprises are making radical innovation with their top manager’s experience (learning by training) and their success in export performance (learning by doing).

Keywords: Radical Innovation, Learning processes, Business Enterprise and Environment Survey (BEEPS)
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In this study, the cointegration relationship between R&D capital stock and total factor productivity (TFP) is analyzed by applying ARDL method in period of 1990-2013 years in Turkey. R&D capital stocks are examined by dividing into its components: private, state, and university. The effects of R&D capital stocks on TFP are directly and indirectly examined. In this study, direct effect is preferred. According to findings we conclude that the only state’s R&D stock has the effect on TFP in long term.

Keywords: TFP, R&D Capital
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