JEIM

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the business models of grocery shopping apps in Turkey utilizing Lueg’s (2022) classification. Method: The authors conducted a descriptive analysis based on criteria (i.e. shopping type, number of stock-keeping units (SKU), delivery time, items’ price, and logistic center) derived from the data which was gathered from the websites and apps of the companies. Findings: As much as 4000 SKUs are offered from dark stores or from independent stores that belongs to franchisees or third parties. While orders to fulfill spontaneous or instant which is generally constitute a small bundle of products, can be delivered within 15-30 minutes, weekly shopping orders are delivered within 2-4 hours. The relative cheapness of the platform-based business model was seemed to attractive for entrepreneurs during the pandemic, and as a result, many startups emerged, but they had to withdraw from the market in a short time. Although accurate information about the courier system is not provided, it has been found that independent couriers who use their own vehicles and are paid per delivery are used extensively within the scope of the Gig Economy. Due to the entry of national supermarket chains (e.g., Migros, Şok, and Carrefoursa) into the market, Getir Büyük was introduced, and then Migros responded to Getir with Migros Hemen (instant delivery service of Migros). These mutual moves are important to evidence the dynamism of the Türkiye’s market and the importance of Türkiye based companies in the grocery app business in the world. Conclusion: It is found that app-based grocery delivery companies in Türkiye adopt named Quick Delivery Model, Platform Model, and Full Range Model. In this regard, our findings mainly overlap with the business models of German market, only Instacart model constitute the difference. Originality: Online grocery shopping app business is infant business for the academy. In this context, there is a dearth of scholarly research in this area. Türkiye is one of the exceptional markets since Getir -one of the big global players in the industry- and Yemeksepeti - a subsidiary of Delivery Hero- compete fiercely; that’s why carefully monitored by the industry stakeholders. Findings indicate that Lueg (2022) classification is a useful framework to examine the competition in international markets. Keywords: app-based grocery retailing, groceries, grocery delivery business models JEL Codes: M31, M13, M16

Keywords: app-based grocery retailing, groceries, grocery delivery business models

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.1.001 [PDF]

ABSTRACT Purpose: Entrepreneurship, the trending process of generating economic growth, has both institutional and individual dimensions. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the predictors of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial activities of efficiency driven countries. Methodology/Approach: The data required for this study is derived from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database and covers specifically efficiency driven countries. Panel data analyses are implemented in order to indicate the relationships between the entrepreneurial activity and its predictors. Findings: Analyzes revealed that perceived opportunities, perceived capabilities, female/male ratio of entrepreneurs, internal market openness level are positively associated with entrepreneurial activity. However, financing for entrepreneurs is negatively associated with entrepreneurial activity. Practical implications: Suggestions for Turkish Entrepreneurial Ecosystem are developed. Originality: An inclusive study was carried out to analyze whether 8 institutional and 5 individual predictors have significant impact on entrepreneurial activities of efficiency driven countries. Additionally, some practical implications were developed in the scope of Türkiye. Limitations: The lack of data of all efficiency driven countries in GEM database limited the study. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Turkish Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Verimlilik

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Turkish Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Verimlilik

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.13.1.002 [PDF]