JEIM

Dear Readers, and colleagues, This issue represents our 10th Anniversary. In last 10 years, together with authors, reviewers and readers we have managed to bring out 20 issues with aim to contribute to innovation and entrepreneurship literature and professionals. We believe the JEIM family will grow more in coming 10 years. In every issue, we do receive more and more submission from researchers in different fields. In all submissions, we find interesting approaches to innovation and entrepreneurship. We are grateful for those who supporting us by sending their research results and give their valuable time to review the papers. Without their support, it would not be possible to bring the Journal to this level. In this last issue of 2022, we have different well-addressed five research papers from different topics of emotional intelligence and creativity, innovation performance of countries, performance of knowledge economy, innovation performance and Industry 4.0. We hope this issue will also provide useful information both researchers, professionals as well as it will also provide useful information for policy makers. Finally, I like to remind you that you can access all our past and current issues with no charge. I strongly recommend you to read our publications and I believe this will be helpful for your current research and professional business. By using this opportunity, on behalf of the Editorial Board, I wish you a Happy New Year. Best Regards Cevahir UZKURT Editor in Chief

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Purpose: This study aims to determine the effects of emotional intelligence and creativity on the entrepreneurial orientation of Generation Z individuals. Methodology: The study data were collected from 348 university students and new graduates through the survey method. Findings: The study findings revealed the direct and positive effect of creativity on entrepreneurial orientations, but failed to provide a significant effect of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial orientations. However, the findings confirmed the indirect effect of emotional intelligence on the entrepreneurial orientations via the creativity of Generation Z individuals. Practical Implications: It was determined that the entrepreneurship orientations of Generation Z are affected by creativity and emotional intelligence. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct studies on how the factors that affect the entrepreneurial orientations of Generation Z can affect their intention to become an entrepreneur and their business preferences. Originality: This is an original study that examines the relationship between emotional intelligence, creativity, and entrepreneurial orientations among Generation Z individuals in the Turkish context.

Keywords: Generation Z, Entrepreneurial Orientations, Emotional Intelligence, Creativity

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.11.2.002 [PDF]

Evaluation of Innovation Performances in OECD Countries by Entropy-Based CODAS-WASPAS and PSI Methods Abstract Aim: The aim of the study is to make suggestions to country governments and researchers by evaluating the innovation performances of OECD countries carry through under the effects of the pandemic process. Method: Evaluations were made with integrated decision-making methods using the Global Innovation Index data for 2021. The weights of innovation indicators were determined by the Entropy method, and OECD countries were ranked in terms of innovation performance with the CODAS, WASPAS and PSI methods. Results: It has been determined that the most important indicator determining the position of OECD countries is the Information and Technology Outputs indicator. It was seen that in the rankings of countries in terms of innovation performance Switzerland, Sweden, the USA and South Korea were at the top; Greece, Mexico, Chile and Colombia were also in the lower ranks. Conclusion and Recommendations: The weights of the performance indicators provide clues to the managers of OECD countries that want to improve their innovation performance about which topics they should focus on primarily. Despite the fact that the methods used are quite different, the fact that the countries’ being in similar ranks in the solution of all three different methods shows that the results obtained are consistent. However, it is thought that research should be done on other factors that may affect the innovation performance of countries. Originality: In this research, innovation performances of OECD countries in the process of fight against the pandemic are discussed. Nevertheless, the innovation performances of the countries in the research were evaluated by using four different methods, as Entropy, CODAS, WASPAS and PSI in an integrated manner.

Keywords: Innovation Performance, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, Global Innovation Index, OECD

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.11.2.001 [PDF]

Purpose: To examine the information economy performance in Turkey and in the process of harmonization with the European Union and to evaluate its current situation with data. Methodology: The knowledge economy performances of European Union countries and Turkey were analyzed by factor analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and discriminant analysis using 13 indicators representing the knowledge economy and data from the 2008 and 2018 periods. Findings: According to the results of the analysis, Turkey's knowledge economy performance is most similar to Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia and the Greek Cypriot Administration among the European Union countries. Practical Implications: Turkey needs to implement the necessary reforms in terms of information economy performance and increase investments in R&D, ICT sector, patents, high technology exports and human capital. Originality: This study tries to determine the current situation of Turkey and EU countries with variables of different dimensions and comprehensive analysis.

Keywords: Economic Development, Knowledge Economy, Cluster Analysis

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.11.2.005 [PDF]

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges faced by the born global companies in their internationalization process, and also to identify strategies they follow in this process. Methodology: Following a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the founders and/or managers of nine born global companies and the data were evaluated with the content analysis technique. Findings: The findings of the study show that companies in the sample most frequently have difficulties in entering foreign markets. The other challenges that faced by born global companies are creating financial resources and finding &managing the human resources. The strategies followed by the born global companies to overcome the difficulties they face and survive are; benefiting from the entrepreneurship ecosystem, seeking financial support, and developing human resources. Practical Implications: The study provides insight into the factors that can potentially challenge startups with the intention of early internationalization and how they can overcome these challenges. Originality: The study contributes to filling the gap in the literature in terms of revealing the difficulties faced by born globals in Turkey and the strategies they follow in their internationalization processes.

Keywords: Born Globals, Internationalization process, Early internationalization, Challenges, Survival strategies

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.11.2.004 [PDF]

Purpose:The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between Industry 4.0 and innovation performance. Method: The relationship between Industry 4.0 and innovation performance was examined using the observations of 16365 companies in the Eurobarometer-SMEs, Start-ups, Scale-ups, and Entrepreneurship database carried out in 2020. In addition to descriptive statistics, the Probit method was used in the study due to the categorical variables of the dependent variables. Results: The relationship between Industry 4.0 and innovation performance is positive for all innovation types. Originality: The number of studies examining the relationship between innovation performance and circular economy in the current literature is limited. Existing studies were conducted at a single country level due to data constraints. Differently, a current dataset including both EU countries and candidate countries was used in this study. In addition to the frequently used types of innovation, environmental innovation and social innovations are also included in the study.

Keywords: innovation, Industry 4.0, SME, EU

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.11.2.003 [PDF]