JEIM

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Dear Readers, and colleagues, Welcome to the Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management (JEIM)! It is great pleasure to present the new issue of the Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. For our current issue, we have received quite high number of papers from researchers in the field of innovation, entrepreneurship and other related subjects. We are thankful for those who supporting us by sending their research results. We also received a great support from the reviewer to improve the quality of the papers. Without their support it would not be possible to bring the journal to this level. In this new issue, we have different well addressed five research papers from variety of topics of the R&D and economic growth, eco-marketing and innovation, innovation strategies, technological innovation and environmental upgrading, innovativeness and startup proactivity. We hope that this issue will also provide useful information both researchers and professionals as well as it will also provide useful information for policy makers. Finally, I like to remind you that you can access all our past and current issues with no charge. I strongly recommend you to read our publications and I believe that this will be helpful for your current research and professional business. In the name of the editorial board of the JEIM, I would like to thank all authors and readers of our journal. I hope that our collaboration will continuing in the future. We look forward to your support and receiving your manuscript in the near future. Editor in Chief Cevahir UZKURT

Keywords: innovation
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Technology investments have positive effects on macroeconomic dynamics such as productivity, competitiveness, economic growth and employment. However, although this effect is positive, the existence of artificial intelligence, the development of autonomous production and the digital economy based on ICT technologies, while providing significant job savings, creates pressure on employment. Even though the idea of techno-unemployment originated in the 1930s, it is now making its effect felt seriously by industry 4.0. The research has analyzed the impact of basic technological development metrics (R&D expenditure, high technology exports and patent applications) and public education expenditure on unemployment. Do technological advances cause the unemployment rate to rise? And Is there a link between technological advances, expenditure on education and employment? In this research, which sought to answer these two questions, the results of the ARDL and the results of the panel causality indicate that the technological unemployment threat has begun for the members of the European Union. Patent applications and High technology exports increase unemployment in the long-term. Panel causality findings demonstrate that R&D expenditures and high technology export has the reasons for the increase in unemployment.

Keywords: Technological unemployment, Industry 4.0, Panel ARDL, Panel Causality Test.

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.10.2.001 [PDF]

Purpose: This study aims to verify the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing dimensions, creating networks proposals, information marketing research and market proximity, and to reveal which dimensions of SMEs differ according to the research. Methodology: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed for a 9-item 3-dimensional scale measuring the dimensions of interventional marketing. Statistical tests and two-stage (TwoStep Cluster) cluster analysis were conducted to reveal the differences in structural properties. Findings: The measurement model has good fit values as a result of CFA analysis. Relationships between dimensions are at desired level and positive. Significant variations have been identified in terms of entrepreneurship education, gender and educational characteristics. It has been observed that clusters whose dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing are perceived at a "high" level consist of male participants who have a high level of education and have received entrepreneurship education. Practical Implications: Relationships and measurement model revealed by the literature have been verified by the data. The observed variables represent the latent structure well. It has been revealed that SME owners / managers can use not only the academic knowledge advantage of their associate / undergraduate education but also the advantage of the networks they have developed to their professional business life. Originality: The study is an innovative and specific study aimed at examining these dimensions in the current entrepreneurial marketing literature. Due to the limited resources of SMEs, research findings shed light on businesses in terms of activities to be carried out with limited resources.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Marketing, Entrepreneurship, SME

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.10.2.002 [PDF]

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of part-time entrepreneurship features on innovative behaviours. Methodology: The data from 456 volunteers who work in public bodies were analysed. Compatibility, validation and reliability tests of metrics were conducted. Correlation and regression tests of confirmed measures were conducted with confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: It is determined that there is a significant, positive and strong relation between part-time entrepreneurship features and innovative behaviours and all of the dimensions. After that, in order to identify the effect of part-time entrepreneurship features on innovative behaviours and all of their elements, linear regression analysis was performed. According to the results, it is monitored that part-time entrepreneurship has a significant, positive and strong effect on innovative behaviours and dimensions. Practical Implications: It is precipitated that there is an intense effect of fulltime employees’ part-time entrepreneurship features on their innovative behaviours of their fulltime jobs. Since the increase of innovative behaviours in the workplace contributes affirmatively to the organization; it can be suggested that excluding their full time jobs, part-time entrepreneurship activities of the individuals should be supported. Originality: This study is a genuine research which tries to reveal part-time entrepreneurship features on innovative behaviours in the workplace. On the other hand, the metrics were adapted into Turkish; thus extension in the national literature is another vital contribution of the paper. Keywords: Part-time Enterpreneurship, Innovative Behaviors, Hybrid enterpreneurship Jel Codes: D23, M10, O30

Keywords: Part-time Enterpreneurship, Innovative Behaviors, Hybrid enterpreneurship

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.10.2.003 [PDF]

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of innovation on export performance of countries through innovation determinants. Methodology: The annual balanced panel data of Turkey and the European Union-27 countries for the period 2013-2019 were analyzed using the Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) method recommended by Beck-Katz (1995). Findings: According to the results obtained from the analysis, innovation positively and significantly affects the exports of Turkey and the European Union-27 countries. Practical Implications: In addition to investing in inputs that will improve the innovation ecosystem, increasing support mechanisms for outputs will contribute to the increase in the export performance of the country both at the enterprise level and in total. Originality: The study contributes to the literature in that it deals with the relationship between innovation and export performance at a macro level, is based on the most up-to-date data, and takes into account different determinants of innovation.

Keywords: Global Innovation Index, Panel Data Analysis, Export

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.10.2.004 [PDF]

Purpose: This study aims to understand the similarities and dissimilarities among categories of deep tech entrepreneurs and to be a starting point for academia to further explore the significance of the deep tech field. Methodology: We have surveyed 126 deep tech startups and used hypothesis testing to understand how attributes such as needs, education level of the founders, financing types differs based on deep tech startup categories. Findings: We have discovered that while the location of the deep tech startup, the education level of the founders, the past entrepreneurship experience of the founders, and the sales footprint characteristic of the deep tech startup vary according to the deep tech category, the needs of the deep tech startups are similar for each category. Practical Implications: The results are expected to help practitioners make their decisions more accurately while investing or collaborating with deep tech startups. Similarly, policymakers can use the results to develop more relevant policies to support the deep tech entrepreneurship ecosystem. Originality: This study is unique in terms of; 1) defining deep tech in academia 2) understanding how deep tech attributes are related with deep tech categories. 3) exploring deep tech in a developing country.

Keywords: Deep tech, Entrepreneurship, Startup

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.10.2.005 [PDF]

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to assess the purchase intentions of Turkish electric vehicle (TEV) which is not sale in the market yet in the context of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer innovativeness. Methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was applied on a face-to-face survey data of 303 observations along with the reliability and validity of the measurement scales. Findings: Purchase intentions of TEV are affected positively by consumer ethnocentrism and functional innovativeness, which is one of the four dimensions of consumer innovativeness. Practical Implications: Marketing management of TEV is suggested to emphasize the domestic origin of TEV in its national marketing program. In addition, functional attributes should be put forward over symbolic attributes to attract innovative consumers. Originality: In this paper, it was empirically tested how consumer ethnocentrism and different motivations to adopt innovations can influence the purchase intentions of TEV.

Keywords: consumer ethnocentrism, consumer innovativeness, electric vehicle adoption, Turkish electric vehicle

DOI : 10.15659/jeim.10.2.006 [PDF]