JEIM

The study was designed to evaluate the business development and transfer of technologies to small manufacturing companies by research institutes in South Western Nigeria. The study covered all the industrial research institutions with headquarters in South Western Nigeria. The study showed that the involvement of scientists in innovation process was rated highest in the idea generation (4.14) and idea screening (4.29) phases; high in R&D (3.86) and fairly high in pilot plant development (2.71) and commercialization (2.43) phase. Their involvement was rated low in business analysis and development (2.14), and test marketing (2.29) phase. The involvement of engineers was rated highest in idea generation (3.28), fairly high in R&D (2.71), pilot plant development (2.57), and idea screening (2.40) phases. However, their involvement was rated low in business analysis and development (2.0), test marketing (2.0), and commercialization (1.28) phases. The involvement of technology marketers in innovation process was generally rated fairly high in R&D (2.7) and business analysis and development (2.6), and low in all the other phases of innovation. However, their involvement at IAR&T, FIIRO, and NIOMR in all the phases was rated very high (3.0-5.0). The involvement of entrepreneurs was generally rated from fairly high to low (2.7-2.3) in all the phases of innovation. The involvement of financial institutions in all the phases of innovation was generally rated low (1.28- 1.71). In conclusion, the study showed that the involvement of stakeholders like entrepreneurs and financial

Keywords: Research Institutes, National Innovation System, Nigeria, Entrepreneurs, Financial Institution.
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In 19th century, many developments in many areas, such as technological, scientific, economic, social, cultural and political, has occured. These developments blow away the history of humanity to a process indexing everything to innovation. Phenomena such as industrial revolution, rising of capitalism, series production and urbanization has accelarated the production and consumption relations. The dominant previous consuption approach in the focus of vital needs has given its place to an approach focusing on beyond the neccesity consumption. Whilst the expansion of ‘needs’ concept, new consumption presented in the name of “innovation” and the individuals has been codded as ‘consumer’ and encouraged through the possitive images imputed to ‘innovation’. So that, while innovation labels the production side of 21th century, ‘consumer society’ providing the sustainablity of the innovation keeps to build the social profile of the 21th century dramaticaly. Whilst not denying the role of innovation in the economic development, the paradox between consumption and innovation is discussed basing on ‘culture industry’ and an emprical research is presented. In the research, the perception and opinion about “Consumer Society” and “Innovative Consumption” is investigated in terms of the perception of post-graduate students in the field of “Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management”. 56 of 63 students has reached and the data obtained from interviews and content analysis method is evaluated. Results demonstrate that the participants distinguished the term ‘consumer society’ from ‘innovative consumer’. They critisize the ‘consumer society’ while emphasis the benefits of innovation.

Keywords: Innovation, innovative consumption, consumer society, culture industry
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In recent years it is seen that innovation concept is gaining more importance in economics and business literature as in specific fields. Nonetheless innovation concept should not be considered only from of technical and economics view. It is seen that innovative work behaviour is taken as an important factor for innovation in business studies. Research conducted on data collected from employees in five main industries which are defined as the prior industries by Izmir Regional Development Agency is tested where innovative work behaviour is more likely to be formed by individual-based variables. Intrinsic interest of individuals, expected performance outcomes from novelty, generating ideas and identifying opportunities are found to direct employees to act innovative.

Keywords: -
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The main aim of this paper is to provide up-to-date information about the relatedness of innovation and financing activities in SMEs in the case of Turkey by referencing researches in literature. Scientific and technological developments have opened new ways in terms of SMEs and their contribution to the development of countries. At that stage financing of innovation and supporting the sustainability of technological improvements within SMEs carry a great importance.

Keywords: Innovation, SMEs, Financing, Technological Developments
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